Treatment of SUDs: Treatment is effective, not only in reducing drug use but also in improving other aspects of health and lifestyle. Combining medications with non-pharmacologic interventions is often more effective than medications alone, although medications can still be beneficial compared to no treatment or placebo. Contingency management is highlighted as an effective treatment approach with strong evidence supporting its use.
Public Policy Issues: The legalization of cannabis, either for medical or recreational use, is a rapidly evolving issue in the U.S., with varying laws across states. The medical use of cannabis lacks a strong evidence base, and its increased availability may lead to unintended consequences such as health complications and higher use among school-aged children. Other ongoing policy debates include the balance between treatment availability and quality, harm reduction, stigma surrounding drug use, and the role of self-help groups versus medicalized treatment.